History of civil engineering

     Engineering has been an aspect of life since the beginning of human existence. The earliest practices of civil engineering could have started between 4000 and 2000. C. in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia when humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, creating the need for a shelter. During this time the transport began to increase its relevance, which led to the development of the wheel and navigation.

      Until the modern age there is no clear distinction between civil engineering and architecture, and the term engineer and architect suffered variations referring to the same person, even exchanged. The construction of the Pyramids of Egypt between 2700 and 2500 BC could be considered the first signs of large buildings. Other historic buildings include the system Qanat water management, the Parthenon by Ictino in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC.), The Appian Way by Roman engineers or the Great Wall of China in 220 a. C, or irrigation works in Anuradhapura. Of all the ancient civilizations perhaps the most developed in civil engineering was the Romans who were pioneers in building a network of roads, aqueducts, ports, bridges, dams and sewers.

     In the eighteenth century the term civil engineering was coined to incorporate all engineering for civilian use in opposition of military engineering (artillery, ballistics, building defenses ...). In 1747 the oldest school of civil engineering world is created, the École nationale des ponts et chaussées in Paris, which continues today. The first self-proclaimed civil engineer was John Smeaton who built the lighthouse Eddystone.4 6 In 1771 Smeaton and some colleagues formed the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers, a professional group that met daily to discuss their profession. Through these meetings, professional societies we know today were formed.

      In Spain it was considered necessary to create a body of specific engineers to take charge of public works, so the Official School of Civil Engineers Corps directed by Agustín de Betancourt was founded in 1802. At that time Mexico had already established first research institute specializing in engineering civil9 and in 1857 the teaching of civil engineering at the Academy of San Carlos based on European studies plans are instituted.

My Motivation

Fields of application

     Its scope is very broad. They would, for example, transport infrastructure:

Airports
Highways
highways
railways
Ports
Urban transport networks

             
   Hydraulic works:

Sewerage

Weirs

Channels for transporting drinking water or irrigation

Navigation channels

Drinking water pipes

                                                                                                       Hydroelectric

Depuradoras

Dykes

Locks

Piers.

Dams

The intervention on ground stability problems.

                   The structures that make up the earlier works:

embankments

Joints
Works containment field
Tunnels
Footing
Pillars
Beams
Bridge abutments

Major Applications Engineering Civl

Road

     A road or path is a route domain and public use, designed and built primarily for the use of motor vehicles. There are various types of roads, although colloquially the term road used to define conventional road which can be connected through access to adjacent properties, as distinct from other types of roads, motorways, which may not have steps and crosses the same level. The roads are distinguished from a simple path because they are specially designed for the movement of vehicles.

     In urban areas the roads diverge through the city streets and are called having a dual role as a gateway and route. 1. The economy and society depend heavily of efficient roads. In the European Union 44% of all products are moved by trucks and 85% of travelers move by bus or car

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Road scale designs

                      

Port

     The port is, by extension, that space is designed and specially oriented to the flow of goods, people, information or provide shelter and safety for those vessels or vessels responsible for carrying out these tasks. Within seaports can distinguish those oriented to the loading and unloading of containers; goods of various kinds, especially fishing; the deposit of pleasure boats (marinas) or others. The ports also be classified in other categories, such as civil or military use, the draft of which have: deepwater ports, over 45 feet (13.72 m), etc

Port scale designs

                    Bridges

     A bridge is a construction that allows saving a landform like a river, a cannon, a valley, a road, a road, a railway, a body of water or other physical constraints. The Designs of bridges vary depending on their function and nature of the land on which it is built.

     Your project and its calculation belong to structural engineering, with numerous types of designs that have been applied throughout history, influenced by the available materials, the techniques developed and economic considerations, and other factors. When analyzing the design of a bridge, the quality of soil or rock that must be supported and the regime of river above the crossing are paramount to ensure its life.

Scale construction of bridges

          Sewerage

  

  It is a system of structures and pipes used for the collection and transportation of waste water, industrial water and rainwater from a population from the place where it is generated to any body of water or stream. These verimientos may or may not be treated.

    There are three generic types of sewage: Storm Sewers (for rainwater), sanitary sewer (wastewater) and combined sewer (where rainwater and sewage mixed).

     Sewage systems are hydraulic structures operating at atmospheric pressure, by gravity. Only rarely and for short sections, pipes are constituted by working under pressure or vacuum. They are usually made up of circular ducts, oval or made, most of the time buried under public roads.

Scale sewer construction

The Civil Engineering and Its Relationship to the Environment

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     For this purpose the civil engineer in parallel with its efforts to create the necessary infrastructure for human activity, has a responsibility to the environment, assessing, preventing, minimizing or mitigating the environmental impacts that their works produced. The consumption of resources for human activity in cities creates a lot of waste that nature can not digest. Thus, the management of solid waste engineering involves actions to control, use and disposal.

     Management of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the set of operations performed with them since they are generated in homes and services to the last phase of their treatment and disposal. These operations are directed to consider the waste is not as waste but as materials with a life according to their characteristics, volume, origin, chances of recovery and utilization. A post-consumption MSW management approach implies that from a given quantity and composition, the set of procedures and actions to control engineering, utilization and disposal is determined

Representation of aquilibrio between environment and civil engineering

   Here apply the principles of construction without altering the environment, showing us a complete harmony